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NVIDIA Under Antitrust Scrutiny: Implications for the AI Industry

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has launched a formal investigation into NVIDIA, the world’s leading semiconductor company, raising concerns about potential antitrust violations. The DOJ has issued subpoenas, signaling a potential antitrust lawsuit against the company.

NVIDIA holds a dominant market share in AI semiconductors, with approximately 80% of the data center market in 2023, according to Omdia. The DOJ’s investigation focuses on whether NVIDIA has engaged in anticompetitive practices that hinder other companies from entering the market.

Beyond hardware, NVIDIA provides software optimized for AI development. The DOJ is examining whether the company has bundled hardware and software, offering preferential treatment to customers who purchase both.

CUDA: The Industry Standard

NVIDIA’s CUDA, a software development environment tailored for its GPUs, has become the industry standard for large-scale computing tasks, including training generative AI models. This dominance is due to NVIDIA’s extensive promotion and the close integration of CUDA with its hardware.

If found guilty of antitrust violations, NVIDIA could face significant penalties and be required to change its business practices. However, the widespread adoption of CUDA presents a challenge, as it would be difficult to quickly replace with alternative solutions.

Implications for the AI Industry

The DOJ’s investigation into NVIDIA highlights the growing scrutiny of Big Tech companies. Recent antitrust cases against Google and Apple set a precedent for increased regulatory oversight.

The outcome of this investigation could have far-reaching implications for the AI industry. If NVIDIA is found to have engaged in anticompetitive practices, it could lead to increased competition in the AI semiconductor market, potentially benefiting AI developers and end users. However, it could also disrupt the current AI ecosystem and lead to uncertainty in the market.

Conclusion

The DOJ’s investigation into NVIDIA marks a significant development in the AI industry. As the investigation unfolds, it will be essential to monitor the potential impact on AI innovation, competition, and the broader technology landscape.

In this article, we delve into the recent developments of Sakura Internet, a domestic company that has been at the forefront of GPU cloud services in Japan.

Founded in 1996 by current president Kunihiro Tanaka while he was still a student, Sakura Internet has grown significantly since its inception. In 2011, the company constructed the Ishikari Data Center, one of Japan’s largest suburban data centers, and strengthened its physical infrastructure and cloud services. From the dawn of the internet, Sakura Internet has adapted its services to meet the evolving needs of its customers. 

Competition with Foreign Services and Market Changes

As discussed in a previous article, Japanese companies have become increasingly reliant on foreign services for AI development. Sakura Internet has been no exception, facing intense competition from foreign IT giants over the past five years.

The impact of foreign services is substantial on a national level. Japan’s “digital deficit,” the outflow of funds due to payments for overseas digital services, has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching 5.5 trillion yen. With the limited presence of domestic services, the situation has led to concerns that “the more advanced cloud services become, the more Japan’s trade deficit will increase.” The recent depreciation of the yen has further exacerbated this issue.

However, the market environment surrounding Sakura Internet is undergoing significant changes. With the digital transformation (DX) initiative gaining momentum, all companies are aspiring to become IT companies. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digitalization of society, leading to a substantial expansion of the market.

Moreover, the rising costs of foreign cloud services due to the weakening yen and the growing expectations for the government cloud market have increased demand for domestic public clouds like Sakura Internet.

Against this backdrop, Sakura Internet was selected by the Digital Agency as the sole domestic provider qualified to offer government cloud services, albeit with a condition to meet certain functional requirements by the end of 2025. Prior to this certification in November 2023, only foreign providers such as AWS, Microsoft, Google, and Oracle were eligible. Sakura Internet’s certification marked a significant milestone as the first domestic company to achieve this recognition.

Expansion into Asia through Partnership with Equinix

Sakura Internet is further expanding its business operations. On October 1st, the company announced a partnership with Equinix, a leading data center operator, aiming to enter the Asian cloud services market. Sakura Internet plans to lease space in Equinix’s data centers and install its own servers, enabling it to provide cloud services overseas. The company also intends to strengthen its cloud services in Japan using a similar approach.

Equinix operates data centers in countries such as Singapore and Indonesia. While the specific countries and timelines for Sakura Internet’s services have yet to be finalized, the company is moving forward with detailed plans.

A Growing Sense of Expectation

With its aggressive stance and focus on expanding into the Asian cloud market, where US IT giants hold a significant share, Sakura Internet is generating increasing anticipation. We will continue to follow the company’s progress and provide updates on future developments.

We’ve previously reported on Sakura Internet’s active involvement in the AI data center business within Japan. Now, another domestic company has made a significant move in this space.

Japan Policy Investment Bank and Mizuho Bank Invest in Highreso

The Japan Policy Investment Bank and Mizuho Bank, among others, have announced a combined investment of 10 billion yen in the startup Highreso. Japanese companies have been insufficiently providing the high-performance computing infrastructure necessary for AI development, leading to a heavy reliance on overseas services. This investment, which is unprecedented in scale for a startup, aims to bolster domestic AI development.

Highreso operates a GPU-dedicated data center and provides a cloud service called “GPUSOROBAN.” The company has established Highreso Kagawa Co., Ltd. in February 2024 to open a generative AI data center in Kagawa Prefecture.

Highreso Kagawa is a special purpose company established to open a generative AI data center in Kagawa Prefecture. The company plans to develop the data center by partially renovating existing research facilities like “RIST Kagawa” and the gymnasium of the former Ayakami Middle School.

Amid concerns about the excessive concentration of data centers in metropolitan areas, this project aims to reduce development costs by utilizing existing regional facilities and provide services to a wide range of domestic businesses.

The project has been certified under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry’s cloud program and is expected to utilize approximately 7.7 billion yen in subsidies from NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).

Highreso CEO Yoshiyuki Shikura expressed his enthusiasm, stating, “We will build a solid domestic infrastructure from the regions and revolutionize the AI industry.”

Moving Away from Overseas Dependence

Until now, Sakura Internet has been the most prominent domestic company actively involved in the GPU cloud service business. The announcement of this new domestic company’s plans has garnered significant attention. It remains to be seen whether Highreso’s project will be a game-changer in reducing dependence on overseas services. We will continue to follow the progress of this project and also provide updates on Sakura Internet’s efforts.

At the end of August, the world’s attention was drawn to the earnings announcement of US semiconductor giant NVIDIA. Around the same time, there were new announcements regarding the domestic semiconductor industry in Japan. In this article, we will introduce these two topics.

1. NVIDIA’s Q2 Earnings Announcement

NVIDIA, a global leader in AI semiconductors, announced its earnings for the second quarter (April-June) on August 28th, reporting record-high revenue and net income.

Revenue surged 2.2 times year-on-year to $30.04 billion. In particular, the data center segment, which houses most of its AI products, generated $26.272 billion, accounting for 87% of the total.

The importance of data centers has increased significantly with the advent of generative AI. It is said that generative AI requires 10 times more power than a typical search to answer user queries. Additionally, data centers consume a vast amount of electricity by performing calculations on massive amounts of data using numerous servers in a short period.

NVIDIA plans to start mass production of its AI-dedicated GPU, “Blackwell,” later this year.

Although production delays have been reported, it is said that generative AI will become 30 times faster and 25 times more energy-efficient.

Once the shipment of Blackwell begins in earnest, interest in data centers is likely to further increase.

2. Expectations for Preferred Networks (PFN), Developing Domestic Semiconductors (for Generative AI)

SBI Holdings, a major internet financial company, announced a capital and business alliance with Preferred Networks (PFN), a startup that provides AI services.

The two companies will jointly develop AI semiconductors by incorporating PFN’s AI semiconductor design know-how.

Founded in 2014, PFN is a startup that vertically integrates the development and provision of hardware and software necessary for the practical application of AI technology. The company handles everything from the design of AI semiconductors and development of peripheral software to the development of supercomputers using its own AI semiconductors, construction of generative AI foundation models, and development of applications that utilize them. Since 2023, it has been providing computational platforms using its own AI semiconductors to external users.

Recently, the global demand for AI semiconductors has been rapidly increasing due to the advancement of generative AI technology, leading to a supply shortage. Furthermore, it is expected that power consumption from AI development and utilization will continue to increase, necessitating the development of high-performance and low-power consumption AI semiconductors.

Through this collaboration with PFN, the SBI Group expresses its enthusiasm in strongly supporting the domestic dissemination of next-generation AI semiconductors and promoting PFN’s business expansion, thereby contributing to the development of the semiconductor industry in Japan.

Additionally, by manufacturing PFN’s next-generation AI semiconductors, the SBI Group expects to increase its recognition in the manufacturing industry and create a semiconductor ecosystem in Miyagi Prefecture, where its planned business site is located, leading to high economic effects within the region. This, the company believes, will enable a significant increase in the added value of the SBI Group and establish a role model for industrial creation in local areas starting with the semiconductor industry.

We will continue to follow the developments of how the collaboration between the SBI Group and PFN will contribute to the revitalization of Japanese industries and the semiconductor industry.

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly increased the demand for data centers. As we’ve previously reported on data center construction projects, here are two new developments:

1. NTT Special Purpose Company to Build Data Center in Shiraoi City

NTT TEPC Data Center Special Purpose Company plans to construct a data center south of Shiraoi City Hall in Chiba Prefecture. Designed by NTT Facilities and to be constructed by Toda Construction, the project is set to begin in early April 2025 and be completed in late April 2027.

The building will be a seven-story steel structure with a total floor area of 28,623 square meters and a height of 49.20 meters. The construction site, located in Shiraoi City’s Fukuji Daisan district, covers an additional 32,901 square meters. Towasogo Systems is involved as a consultant.

Initially, Tokyo Electric Power Group’s TEPCO Real Estate planned to build a data center, the “Shiraoi DC Project,” on this site. However, NTT Data Group’s NTT Global Data Centers and Tokyo Electric Power Group’s Tokyo Electric Power Grid announced in December 2023 that they would establish a new company to jointly develop and operate data centers in the Chiba Prefecture’s Inzai-Shirai area. In February of this year, they established NTT TEPC Data Center Special Purpose Company.

On March 15 of the same year, ownership was transferred from TEPCO Real Estate to NTT TEPC Data Center Special Purpose Company.

Shiraoi City is adjacent to Inzai City, where numerous data centers have already been built. It remains to be seen whether this area will continue to expand as a data center hub.

2. ESR to Build Data Center in Redevelopment of Osaka University Minoh Campus

ESR has announced that it will begin dismantling existing facilities as early as 2024 for its “Osaka University Minoh Campus Redevelopment Project” in Minoh City, Osaka Prefecture. The project plans to develop a data center, schools, and other facilities, with construction work scheduled to be completed by 2026.

The company aims to begin construction of each facility in the same year and open them sequentially from 2027, with the school opening and partial operation of the data center scheduled for 2028.

Prior to the start of the project, Minoh City compiled a draft district plan for the project site. After a public comment period, a decision on the urban planning change is expected around November.

The facility introduction district will be developed as a data center, and the international education district will be home to an international school. Additionally, the project site will include stores, community facilities, and pedestrian walkways. Approximately 3,600 square meters will be allocated to parks, and a 12-meter-wide, 840-meter-long sectioned road will be constructed.

Previously, we reported on the construction of a data center on a former factory site. ESR’s plan, which involves redeveloping the former Osaka University Minoh Campus, suggests that the extensive land area and readily available power supply may have been factors in choosing to build a data center.

Moreover, this project involves urban planning that includes a data center, making it interesting to see how the details of facilities such as schools and stores will unfold.

In a previous article, we discussed the Japanese government’s consideration of providing tax breaks and subsidies for data center construction projects that demonstrate a high degree of decarbonization.

This time, we will examine the initiatives of Ishikari City in Hokkaido, Japan, which has already taken steps to establish itself as a data center hub focused on decarbonization.

Ishikari City’s Data Center Business Initiatives for Decarbonization

Ishikari City has been selected by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment as a “leading decarbonization region” as part of its goal to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.

The city has also formulated a zero-carbon policy titled “Rediscovering the Region with Locally Produced Renewable Energy and Decarbonization” and has been working to create a decarbonized industrial cluster by supplying renewable energy (hereinafter referred to as “renewable energy”) to a group of data centers and surrounding facilities in the Ishikari Bay New Port area.

In November 2022, Flower Communications Co., Ltd., Hokkaido Electric Power Co., Inc., and Tokyu Real Estate Co., Ltd. signed a basic agreement to commercialize a data center operated entirely on renewable energy in Ishikari City.

Ishikari Renewable Energy Data Center No. 1 (ISRD), a limited liability company established by Flower Communications, is set to develop and operate the facility, with an opening scheduled for 2026.

Furthermore, in May 2023, Broadband Tower Co., Ltd. and ISRD entered into an agreement to commercialize the renewable energy data center scheduled to open in 2026.

As a data center specialist, Broadband Tower will participate in the business and contribute to the project by providing data center services within a section of the renewable energy data center.

The “Hokkaido Newtopia Data Center Research Association,” to which Broadband Tower, Flower Communications, Hokkaido Electric Power, and Tokyu Real Estate all belong, has been actively discussing the importance of Hokkaido’s role in Japan’s submarine cable topology due to its geographical location and the active planning of submarine cable laying projects in the Arctic Ocean, as well as the significance of establishing Hokkaido as a data center hub.

Broadband Tower and ISRD view this project as one of the fruits of these discussions and are eager to address various challenges related to data centers, such as greening and decentralization, in collaboration with local governments and businesses, in line with national and local government policies.

ISRD and this project have been selected as indirect subsidy recipients by the foundation established under the Supplementary Budget for FY2021 for the “Strengthening of Digital Infrastructure by Decentralizing Data Centers and Submarine Cables,” and the Japanese government is expected to provide support for the establishment of data centers in Ishikari City.

Expectations for Industrial Cluster Development and Regional Economic Growth

With the support of national and local government policies, the renewable energy data center park in Ishikari City, where the project is planned, is expected to see the aggregation of renewable energy-powered data centers and related industries.

Additionally, if the government’s subsidies for decarbonization become more substantial, how will Ishikari City develop? Expectations are high for the rapid growth of the region as a data center and related industry hub and for further development of the data center business.