LOGO

Google has been making significant investments in data centers in Japan, with recent announcements of facilities in Inzai, Chiba, Hiroshima, and Wakayama. While the company is expanding its presence in Japan, it has faced increased scrutiny from regulators in the West, along with Japan’s Fair Trade Commission.

Google Accused of Antitrust Violations

Japan’s Fair Trade Commission (FTC) is poised to issue a cease-and-desist order against Google, alleging that the tech giant has violated antitrust laws. The FTC is concerned about Google’s practices related to Android devices, including forcing manufacturers to pre-install Google’s proprietary apps as a condition for licensing the Google Play Store.

The commission has been investigating Google since last October, suspecting that the company has tied the pre-installation of Google Search and Google Chrome to the licensing of the Google Play Store. Additionally, Google is accused of imposing strict requirements on the placement of these app icons on Android devices.

If Android devices were to lose access to the Google Play Store, users would be forced to manually install apps, a process that is inconvenient and time-consuming for most users. As a result, many Android manufacturers have felt compelled to comply with Google’s demands, a practice that the FTC believes may constitute a “tying arrangement” prohibited under antitrust law.

The FTC also suspects that Google has shared ad revenue with device manufacturers on the condition that they do not pre-install competing search apps.

The commission has concluded that Google’s practices, which began at the latest in 2020, likely constitute anticompetitive conduct that has excluded rivals and unfairly restricted the business activities of its trading partners. As a result, the FTC plans to issue a cease-and-desist order.

If the order is issued, it would be the first of its kind against a major U.S. tech company in Japan. However, before making a final decision, the FTC will send a written notice to Google and seek its comments.

Heightened Global Regulatory Scrutiny

Last August, a U.S. court sided with the Department of Justice in its antitrust lawsuit against Google, aiming to dismantle the search giant’s dominant position in the search market. In early September, the Department of Justice also launched an investigation into Nvidia.

Amidst this backdrop of intensifying global regulatory scrutiny of big tech companies, Japan’s Fair Trade Commission is set to issue its first-ever cease-and-desist order against a major U.S. tech firm. This development is being closely watched by industry observers.

GDS International, the international subsidiary of GDS, a leading Chinese data center operator, is accelerating its overseas expansion. This article will introduce GDS’s announcement of its entry into the Japanese market.

GDS, a Leading Chinese Data Center Operator

Founded in 2006, GDS currently operates dozens of data centers in the Greater China region, including Suzhou Kunshan, Chengdu, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Beijing.

GDS International was established in 2022 and is headquartered in Singapore. It is responsible for the construction and operation of data centers outside mainland China. Currently, it operates in Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia.

Partnership with Gaw Capital to Build a Data Center in Tokyo

GDS announced that it will partner with Gaw Capital, a Hong Kong-based real estate private equity firm, to jointly build a 40-megawatt (MW) data center park in Tokyo.

In April 2022, Gaw acquired the Fuchu Building in Fuchu Intelligent Park, Fuchu City, Tokyo. GDS and Gaw plan to establish a carrier-neutral data center park on a plot of land within the Fuchu Intelligent Park to meet the huge demand for safe and scalable cutting-edge digital infrastructure.

The total area of the plot is 10,970 square meters (118,080 square feet), and the first phase is scheduled to start operations by the end of 2026. GDS has already received inquiries from customers who intend to place orders.

Wei Huang, Chairman and CEO of GDS, mentioned the size of the Japanese market, its status as one of the three largest data center markets in the Asia-Pacific region, and the rapid growth in demand for artificial intelligence (AI), stating, “I am confident in the rapid growth of our global business.”

According to the Nikkei Shimbun, data centers in the Tokyo area are rapidly increasing, and their capacity is expected to double in the next 3-5 years, surpassing Singapore and closing in on Beijing, the top data center market in Asia. This trend is likely one of the factors driving GDS’s entry into the Japanese market.

GDS Attracts Attention as the First Chinese Data Center Company to Enter Japan

This article has introduced the announcement that has attracted attention as the first Chinese data center company’s entry into the Japanese market.

We will continue to provide updates as more details about the construction of GDS’s data center become available.

The data center market continues to experience rapid growth due to advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology and the expanding use of cloud services. This article will highlight a noteworthy announcement from major Japanese construction company Obayashi Corporation regarding its domestic data center business.

Announcement of Entry into Urban Data Center Development Business in Central Tokyo

Obayashi Corporation has officially announced its full-scale entry into the urban data center development business. At the end of November, it established a new subsidiary, MiTASUN Corporation, to undertake the development and operation of urban data centers in central Tokyo.

Leveraging its expertise cultivated through previous construction and development projects, Obayashi will act as the project owner, renovating and rebuilding office buildings in urban areas into small-scale data centers. It plans to establish multiple small-scale data centers within an 8km radius and connect them with dedicated optical fiber lines to create a data center cluster. The aim is to secure a scale equivalent to a large-scale (hyperscale) data center with the combined capacity of this cluster.

Project Aiming for a Sustainable Society

MiTASUN has announced plans to invest approximately 100 billion yen in data center development in central Tokyo within the next 10 years. As its first project in fiscal year 2028, it will construct a new small-scale data center in Mita, Tokyo, with a receiving capacity of approximately 5.5MW, a common metric for data center size. Furthermore, it has already secured land for its second project in Tokyo, approximately 6km away from the first, with the goal of establishing a 40MW-class data center cluster by fiscal year 2031.

The company also plans to actively pursue alliances with other companies and implement the following measures:

• Converting buildings owned by other companies into data centers
• Interconnecting with other data center operators
• Continuously expanding facility scale
   

The Obayashi Group aims to contribute to the advancement of urban infrastructure and realize a sustainable society through this new business venture.

Expectations for Urban Data Center Business Development

Demand for data centers is expected to continue growing, especially in central urban areas. Will Obayashi Corporation’s urban data center business become a new model case for urban development? There are high expectations for its future development, leveraging the technical capabilities cultivated in its construction business and the know-how gained from its development projects.

We’ve previously discussed how the rapid proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly increased the global demand for data centers.

In recent years, both semiconductor factories and new data centers have been actively constructed domestically [in Japan]. However, the government aims to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, including CO2, by 2050.

As companies grapple with the challenge of securing the massive amounts of electricity consumed by data centers, they are devising innovative ways to meet demand while reducing carbon dioxide emissions through the use of renewable energy.

In this context, I’d like to introduce an announcement from Google related to this power challenge.

Google Announces Purchase of Power from Small Modular Reactors

Google has announced plans to purchase electricity from small modular reactors (SMRs) developed and installed by Kairos Power, a US next-generation nuclear power company.

The company aims to have the first SMR operational by 2030 and deploy additional reactors by 2035, with a total of seven SMRs providing 500 megawatts of power.

SMRs can be assembled in factories and then transported to the installation site as a complete unit (module), reducing construction time and costs compared to conventional nuclear power plants. Their smaller size also allows for more flexible site selection and easier cooling, making them safer.

Due to these advantages, SMRs are being developed worldwide, including in the United States, as a next-generation decarbonization power source. However, one of the challenges in implementing SMRs is finding buyers for relatively high-cost electricity until SMRs achieve economies of scale.

For Google, this move aligns with its goal of addressing the power needs of its AI data centers while advancing its decarbonization objectives.

The government is also supporting private initiatives. The US government has set a goal of tripling nuclear capacity by 2050 and is working to promote SMRs through initiatives such as supporting demonstration projects and building a fuel supply chain.

The US Department of Energy (DOE) has announced up to $900 million in support for next-generation SMR development, and public-private efforts to promote SMR development and construction are intensifying.

Power Challenges and the Need for Global Action

In the United States, IT giants are investing in nuclear energy one after another. In contrast, the trend toward phasing out nuclear power is accelerating in Europe, particularly in Germany and Italy. Japan is also not as proactive in nuclear power.

As the demand for AI continues to grow, countries around the world will be forced to address power challenges.

NVIDIA Under Antitrust Scrutiny: Implications for the AI Industry

The U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) has launched a formal investigation into NVIDIA, the world’s leading semiconductor company, raising concerns about potential antitrust violations. The DOJ has issued subpoenas, signaling a potential antitrust lawsuit against the company.

NVIDIA holds a dominant market share in AI semiconductors, with approximately 80% of the data center market in 2023, according to Omdia. The DOJ’s investigation focuses on whether NVIDIA has engaged in anticompetitive practices that hinder other companies from entering the market.

Beyond hardware, NVIDIA provides software optimized for AI development. The DOJ is examining whether the company has bundled hardware and software, offering preferential treatment to customers who purchase both.

CUDA: The Industry Standard

NVIDIA’s CUDA, a software development environment tailored for its GPUs, has become the industry standard for large-scale computing tasks, including training generative AI models. This dominance is due to NVIDIA’s extensive promotion and the close integration of CUDA with its hardware.

If found guilty of antitrust violations, NVIDIA could face significant penalties and be required to change its business practices. However, the widespread adoption of CUDA presents a challenge, as it would be difficult to quickly replace with alternative solutions.

Implications for the AI Industry

The DOJ’s investigation into NVIDIA highlights the growing scrutiny of Big Tech companies. Recent antitrust cases against Google and Apple set a precedent for increased regulatory oversight.

The outcome of this investigation could have far-reaching implications for the AI industry. If NVIDIA is found to have engaged in anticompetitive practices, it could lead to increased competition in the AI semiconductor market, potentially benefiting AI developers and end users. However, it could also disrupt the current AI ecosystem and lead to uncertainty in the market.

Conclusion

The DOJ’s investigation into NVIDIA marks a significant development in the AI industry. As the investigation unfolds, it will be essential to monitor the potential impact on AI innovation, competition, and the broader technology landscape.

In this article, we delve into the recent developments of Sakura Internet, a domestic company that has been at the forefront of GPU cloud services in Japan.

Founded in 1996 by current president Kunihiro Tanaka while he was still a student, Sakura Internet has grown significantly since its inception. In 2011, the company constructed the Ishikari Data Center, one of Japan’s largest suburban data centers, and strengthened its physical infrastructure and cloud services. From the dawn of the internet, Sakura Internet has adapted its services to meet the evolving needs of its customers. 

Competition with Foreign Services and Market Changes

As discussed in a previous article, Japanese companies have become increasingly reliant on foreign services for AI development. Sakura Internet has been no exception, facing intense competition from foreign IT giants over the past five years.

The impact of foreign services is substantial on a national level. Japan’s “digital deficit,” the outflow of funds due to payments for overseas digital services, has more than doubled in the past decade, reaching 5.5 trillion yen. With the limited presence of domestic services, the situation has led to concerns that “the more advanced cloud services become, the more Japan’s trade deficit will increase.” The recent depreciation of the yen has further exacerbated this issue.

However, the market environment surrounding Sakura Internet is undergoing significant changes. With the digital transformation (DX) initiative gaining momentum, all companies are aspiring to become IT companies. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digitalization of society, leading to a substantial expansion of the market.

Moreover, the rising costs of foreign cloud services due to the weakening yen and the growing expectations for the government cloud market have increased demand for domestic public clouds like Sakura Internet.

Against this backdrop, Sakura Internet was selected by the Digital Agency as the sole domestic provider qualified to offer government cloud services, albeit with a condition to meet certain functional requirements by the end of 2025. Prior to this certification in November 2023, only foreign providers such as AWS, Microsoft, Google, and Oracle were eligible. Sakura Internet’s certification marked a significant milestone as the first domestic company to achieve this recognition.

Expansion into Asia through Partnership with Equinix

Sakura Internet is further expanding its business operations. On October 1st, the company announced a partnership with Equinix, a leading data center operator, aiming to enter the Asian cloud services market. Sakura Internet plans to lease space in Equinix’s data centers and install its own servers, enabling it to provide cloud services overseas. The company also intends to strengthen its cloud services in Japan using a similar approach.

Equinix operates data centers in countries such as Singapore and Indonesia. While the specific countries and timelines for Sakura Internet’s services have yet to be finalized, the company is moving forward with detailed plans.

A Growing Sense of Expectation

With its aggressive stance and focus on expanding into the Asian cloud market, where US IT giants hold a significant share, Sakura Internet is generating increasing anticipation. We will continue to follow the company’s progress and provide updates on future developments.